See and be seen around large equipment

If you work around large machinery, you might be amazed to learn how difficult it is for the operator to see what’s around him or her. The size of the machine, and features such as the bucket, light brackets, engine cover, booms and hoses, cab posts, and wheel covers or fenders, can restrict the operator’s vision around the machine.

Already in 2011 there have been serious incidents and fatalities in which visibility played a role. One study found that half of all fatalities with underground load-haul-dump machines were caused at least partly by poor visibility. As part of an extensive research project supported by Workplace Safety North, researchers at Laurentian University identified problems and solutions related to an equipment operator’s line of sight.

The researchers were able to recommend modifications that would improve visibility. They also recommended the following procedures:

Pedestrians who work around mobile equipment should be made as visible as possible.

Good communication and signals between pedestrians and operators should be identified for each site.

Any work to be done in a travelway or haulage area must be discussed, barricaded and well-identified.

Overhead objects that could pose a hazard, for example, low wires or fan housings, should be clearly identified.

Vehicles should not be parked or stopped at blind corners or in any place where equipment operators may have trouble seeing them.

Vehicles should have flashing lights, flags or other means to warn of their locations.

To conduct a simple demonstration of equipment visibility, attach a flashlight to a pole on the operator’s seat, at the height of the operator’s head. Walk around the machine and note where the light is obscured by cab posts, the bucket, the engine cover, etc. These are the points where an operator would be unable to see a pedestrian.
To help prevent incidents:

Understand the limits to what you can see around your vehicle.

Ask your supervisor each shift whether any pedestrians or other vehicles will be in your area.

Know your hand or light signals to communicate with others on foot or in vehicles.

Know the procedures for traffic control on ramps, and other traffic areas.

Ensure a berm or bumper block is in place before you back up to dump a load.

Walk around your equipment before moving it, to check for people, other vehicles and obstacles.

Keep communication channels open.

On surface, wear sunglasses on bright days. Be aware of weather conditions and how they affect your ability to see around you.

Be sure mirrors and windows are clean.

Have eyes checked regularly and wear prescription safety glasses if needed.

Be alert! Expect the unexpected.

Always be aware of the danger zone around mobile equipment, particularly large vehicles. The danger zone includes the entire working perimeter of the machine. Your company should have procedures in place to control entry or exit of any person or vehicle from the danger zone. Procedures for communication – either by sound or by sight – should be in place to allow communication between the equipment operator and anyone approaching the machine. If you are on foot around mobile equipment, make sure the operator knows where you are, and where you’re going.
For more information about visibility hazards and controls, contact WSN. Available resources include a safety meeting package on visibility and a report summarizing research findings and recommending safe practices.